Typescript, a front-end
programming language, is quickly gaining popularity among developers.
Typescript addresses many of the shortcomings of JavaScript and retains all its
benefits. Web
design London companies are attracted to developers who can switch between
JavaScript and TypeScript. Today in this article, we will explore7 key stages
of Typescripts through the most important syntax.
What's
Typescript?
·
Typescript is a
typed subset of JavaScript that was created in 2012 by Microsoft to assist
Javascript developers working on large-scale Javascript applications.
·
The Typescript was
created to be a structuring tool for large codebases. It helps you avoid common
errors that could slow you down.
·
Because the language
is flexible and can be modified, it is easy for teams to collaborate on the
same project.
·
It also produces readable code. A typescript
is an excellent tool for debugging multiple developers on a project.
·
This language makes
it easier to use Javascript skills better.
·
After you have
compiled your code, all Typescript stuff is gone, and you can produce clean,
cross-platform, safe Javascript code.
·
Typescript is
interoperable and offers unique features such as static typing, interfaces,
classes, and many more in web development 2022.
TypeScript
vs. JavaScript:
Javascript is an efficient programming language that can
create interactive web pages. It's not intended for complex applications.
Typescript is a static scripting language that a superset Javascript. It is an
additional layer to your JS code. Typescript is not meant to replace
Javascript. It doesn't override existing behavior. It uses JavaScript’s
existing behavior to fix its shortcomings and address common problems with the
language.
These are the differences between Typescript and
Javascript.
·
Typescript, an
object-oriented programming language, is JavaScript, a scripting language that
supports object-oriented programming.
·
TypeScript supports
static typing; JavaScript does not.
·
TypeScript uses
interfaces and types to describe data usage.
·
TypeScript
interfaces are powerful tools for creating contracts in your code.
·
TypeScript allows
you to specify optional parameters for functions that JavaScript doesn't
support.
Why
use Typescript?
·
Typescript has many
benefits. Let's take a look at some of the benefits.
·
Typescript detects
errors in JavaScript code sooner than others. Typescript can detect errors and
bugs before they are detected at runtime. This will allow you to write reliable
code and minimize the dangers of JavaScript.
·
Transpiling lets you
generate ECMAScript, and you can choose which version of JavaScript to use.
This allows you to write code that works with older browsers while still using
the most recent tools.
·
Typescript supports
JS libraries and API documentation, such as JQuery, BootStrapJS, and React.
Using the tools, you already know is easy, so it doesn't take too much
learning.
·
Typescript uses
static typing to organize your code and improve object-oriented programming
techniques. Typescript's static typing makes it easier to refactor code, as you
can navigate to the function’s members.
·
Typescript makes use
of NPM to access millions of trusted libraries. It's also much easier to learn
Typescript because you don't need to create custom tools to access libraries.
·
Typoscript is
simpler to maintain. It is easier to understand and use. With the built-in
self-documentation, it is easier to find types and objects within your code.
·
Typescript makes it
easy to use React and Angular as well as Vue. Typescript works well with these
frameworks, especially React, which is described as an excellent fit for
Typescript. Although Typescript isn't required for these frameworks, it can be
added to productivity and ease.
Top 7 Key Stages of Typescript for Web Development
in 2022:
We'll help you get started with Typescript as soon as
you've mastered the basics.
Step
1 - Setting up Typescript:
Install
TypeScript:
Typescript can be accessed by installing TS Visual Studio
Plugin or NPM (Node Package Manager).
To install TS, type the following command in the terminal
after you have installed NPM.
npm installation -g typescript
So, you can run the following command in a shell to check
which version you use.
TypeScript
Compilers:
We use the command tscfilename.ts to compile TS code.
This will create a JS file with the same name so we can later use it in the
browser.
Step
2 - Exploring TypeScript types:
Types:
Typescript is a typescript program. Several web
design London companies opting this seriously. Typescript,
the typed version of JS, allows us to specify types of variables as soon as
they are declared. This makes your code more reliable and allows you to verify
that it runs correctly before running.
Javascript has eight types. If you have worked with them
before, you will know that they include string, number null undefined, object
symbol begins, and boolean. Javascript is dynamically-typed. This means it
doesn't know your variable's type until runtime, and variables can change their
types. Sometimes bugs and errors can occur even if they are changed
intentionally. Typescript solves this problem by adding static types into the
code.
Typescript offers three types: any, built-in and
user-defined.
·
Any type is a
superset of all Typescript data types and is the most flexible. This means that
variables can be of any type. This type will override any type checking if it
is used.
·
Included types are
number, string, and boolean.
·
The user can use the
following types: interface, class, interface, enum, Array, and tuple
·
Let's take a closer
look at each and show you how to use Typescript types.
Assigning
Types:
Typescript requires a colon: to assign a type. The type
name, equal sign =, and the value must be included. Let's take a look at an
example.
let variable Name: typescript Type = value;
Number:
Typescript can represent decimal, binary literal, and
hexadecimal numbers. Typescript supports floating-point values for all numbers.
Let num = 0.444
let hex: number = 0xbeef;
let bin: number = 0b0010;
Boolean:
Boolean values work exactly like Javascript.
Let's say yes to boolean: true
Let no: boolean = false
Array:
Typescript defines arrays as a collection of the same
object. There are two options for declaring a typed array: using the datatype
followed with [ ] or the generic array approach using Array.
Operator or create a multidimensional array to save one
Array into another array using the [ ] operator.
string [])[] = [new Date(), new Date(), ["1",
"a"]];
Tuple:
Although tuples are similar to arrays, we can specify the
data stored at each location. You can create organized arrays with multiple
types. An array can be expressed if you know its type and order.
Let number Tuple: [number. Number. Number]
Void:
Void is a subtype for undefined. It's a return type that
can substitute with other types when necessary. When returning functions, a
void is used. This tells us that a function will not return undefined. This
guarantees that a function will not return a value.
Enum:
Enums enable us to define a list of predefined constants.
These constants can be defined using the enum keyword. A string or numeric enum
can be defined.
enum MyStringEnum
choice = "A",
choice = "B"
String:
Typescript uses the same syntax as Javascript but with
double quotes or single quotations around the text. You can use the $expression
or the backtick character to enable evaluated operations within a string.
Step
3 - Basics of variables:
Variables are used to store values in programming
languages like TS. You can use var, let, and const to define variables in TS.
There are some problems when using var. A variable declared using var within a
function can be function-scoped but global-scoped if declared outside of a
function. This could lead to problems in JavaScript code.
This problem can be solved by using the keyword let to
set the variable's lifetime at the block it was declared. Const is a similar
solution to let. However, it can only be initialized once it has been declared.
Typescript will ensure that no value can ever be set.
Typescript variables follow the same syntax rules as
other programming languages.
·
They can contain
both lowercase and uppercase letters from the alphabet
·
They cannot start
with a digit
·
These characters can
contain special characters such as @ or $.
Step
4 - Commenting in TypeScript:
Comments in TS follow the same syntax that Javascript.
Double slash is for single-line comments. Slash stars to open a bloc of
comments. Star slash closes a block.
Typescript introduces a unique syntax. Typescript will
preserve the comment when you add /*! This allows you to retain copyright at
the top of a TS file which must be generated in JS.
Let x = 1 // This is one-line comment
/* This can also be spread on
Multiple
lines */
let y = 2;
Step
5 - Type Inference:
The compiler uses type inference to determine the types.
It can figure out types by their values. This means you don't need to define
your types in code. Typescript has a powerful feature that allows you to
manipulate types and combine them.
These are some examples of how Typescript's inference
features can be used to infer types:
·
Variables must be
declared and initialized
·
If default values
are used as parameters
·
Determine the
function return types
Step
6 – Functions:
Typescript doesn't make major changes to JavaScript’s
function-scoped core. Typescript can enhance functions by providing strong
signatures that allow us to define parameters or return types.
The function keyword is used to demonstrate a function.
You can use the fat arrow to make a function that does not require the keyword.
Typescript does not alter this. Typescript can be used for function arguments.
We use a colon to do so.
Typescript functions can be classified into one of two
types: function declarations or function expressions. Function declarations are
when a function cannot be assigned to a variable, while function expressions
can be assigned to a variable.
Typescript allows you to specify the type and keyword of
a function using this keyword. This is done by using the following: followed by
a colon and followed by the type signature of the function.
7:
Mapped Type:
This allows you to create a new type by modifying an
existing one. You could, for example, have the existing interface retain all
its members but make them optional or read-only. We would need to create an
additional interface before the mapped type. This can cause issues in the code
and pollute it.
Without the mapped type, each interface would need a
separate function. Things can quickly get out of control. Thanks to
Typescript's custom logic for a mapped type, we don't need to deal with these
issues.
Typescript offers a variety of mapping functions:
partial, nullable and pick, omit.
Final Words:
Hopefully, this is the best typescript
tutorial for you. You now understand
TypeScript and can see how it will improve the quality of your Javascript code.
Now you are ready to learn more advanced concepts. This interactive and
hands-on course takes you from a complete beginner to advanced concepts like
manipulating objects and iterators. This course is a must-have for front-end
developers who want to learn this language.
Contact O2SOFT web design London company
for better assistance.
Have fun learning.
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